War is a brutal catalyst.

Ukraine’s cities know its horrors.

The fundamental nature of war never changes. Those it visits, however, are forever transformed.

How, then, should Ukraine’s cities recover from war? It is a matter of choice. Some will champion a return to the familiar. Others will seek being greener and more progressive. An unknown number will choose to evolve in yet other ways. History tells us all will find the way ahead a difficult one.

How, then, might Ukraine’s cities recover effectively? What lessons will they offer those suffering disasters yet to come?

The author, Dr. Russ Glenn, applies his over thirty years of urban and security issues studies to these challenges.